Passive earth pressure conditions are
- Minor principle stress becomes equals to vertical stress (Hv).
- Major principal stress becomes equal to horizontal stress(Hh).
- Hh = Hv x Tan^2(alpha).
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Passive earth pressure conditions are
The moment of the wall towards the backfill, in this case, the lateral earth pressure called a passive earth pressure.
In the case of passive earth pressure,
Major principal stress = lateral pressure
Minor principal stress = vertical pressure
In this case, soil exerts a pull on a retaining wall where the inner rupture plane called as a failure plane makes at (45- fi/2) angle with horizontal.
At depth=0 , Rankines passive force= 0
If q is a surcharge load acting on backfill, then lateral pressure = K.q applied throughout the depth of retaining wall.